Which statement accurately differentiates viruses from bacteria?

The statement that viruses are smaller than bacteria and require a host cell for replication accurately captures key characteristics that differentiate the two types of microorganisms. Viruses are indeed significantly smaller than bacteria, often measured in nanometers compared to the micrometers of bacteria. This size difference reflects their structural complexity.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic processes outside of a host cell. They rely on the cellular machinery of their host to replicate and produce new viral particles. This dependence on host cells is a fundamental distinction, as bacteria are capable of independent growth and reproduction in various environments, provided they have adequate nutrients.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in microbiology and medicine because it guides treatment decisions. For instance, antibiotics typically target bacterial functions and structures, making them ineffective against viral infections, which is not addressed by the original options. This clarification helps emphasize the importance of understanding the nature of these pathogens when discussing infection control and treatment strategies.