Which process kills most but not all harmful pathogens?

Disinfection is the process that effectively kills most harmful pathogens but does not guarantee the destruction of all microorganisms, particularly resistant spores. In the context of infection control, disinfection is a crucial step that reduces the risk of infection by eliminating a significant number of pathogens from surfaces and instruments. It is commonly used in healthcare settings for items that do not require the complete eradication of all microbial life, such as non-critical surfaces and equipment.

Cleaning involves the removal of dirt and organic matter but does not effectively kill pathogens, while sterilization refers to a method that completely eliminates all forms of microbial life, including resistant spores. Decontamination is a more general term that may involve cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization, depending on the context and level of microbial suppression required. Thus, the role of disinfection is vital for maintaining a safe environment, especially in non-sterile settings.