What is the primary function of the adaptive immune system?

The primary function of the adaptive immune system is to target and neutralize specific pathogens with antibodies. This system is characterized by its ability to recognize and remember specific antigens—molecules found on pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. When a pathogen is encountered, the adaptive immune system mounts a tailored response that includes the activation of specialized cells, such as B cells and T cells. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies that bind to the specific pathogens, marking them for destruction or neutralization. This targeted response not only helps clear the infection but also provides long-term immunity, as the adaptive system retains a memory of the pathogen for faster response upon future encounters.

In contrast, the other options describe functions that are more characteristic of the innate immune system or general biological functions rather than the specific role of the adaptive immune system. The first option refers to the innate system's ability to respond to general threats, while the production of mucus is closely related to mechanical defenses against pathogens. Maintaining homeostasis is a broader biological process that encompasses various bodily systems, not directly tied to the adaptive immune response.