What is the effect of using alcohol-based hand sanitizers?

Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers is effective in significantly reducing the number of germs on the hands, but they do not eliminate all types of pathogens. These sanitizers typically contain at least 60% alcohol, which is effective against many types of bacteria and viruses by denaturing their proteins and disrupting their cell membranes. However, there are certain spores and types of germs, particularly some types of norovirus and Clostridium difficile, that may not be effectively killed by alcohol-based sanitizers.

The formulation of these products allows for quick drying and convenience when soap and water aren't available, yet they do not provide the same level of thoroughness in cleaning that washing hands with soap and water does. Thus, while alcohol-based sanitizers are a valuable tool for hand hygiene, it is important to recognize their limitations, which is why they effectively reduce the number of germs but do not entirely eliminate all pathogens.